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APPENDIX C. CSAT3 MEASUREMENT THEORY

C-2

where T

s

is sonic virtual temperature and γ

d

is

the ratio of specific heat of dry air at constant

pressure to that at constant volume (Fleagle

and Businger, 1980; Kaimal and Gaynor, 1991;

Kaimal and Businger, 1963; Schotanus et al.,

1983). With Eq. (8), the effect of humidity, on

the speed of sound, is included in the sonic

virtual temperature.

The sonic virtual temperature, in degrees

Celsius, is given by Eq. (9), where γ

d

= 1.4 and

R

d

= 287.04 JK

-1

kg

-1

.

T

c

R

s

dd

=−

2

273 15

γ

. (9)

REFERENCES

Kaimal, J. C. and Businger, J. A.: 1963, “A

Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer-

Thermometer”,

J. Applied Meteorol.

, 2, 156-

164.

Kaimal, J. C. and Gaynor, J. E.: 1991, “Another

Look at Sonic Thermometry”,

Boundary-

Layer Meteorol.

, 56, 401-410.

Fleagle, R. G. and Businger, J. A.: 1980,

An

Introduction to Atmospheric Physics

,

Academic Press, Inc., New York.

Schotanus, P., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., and de

Bruin, H. A. R.: 1983, “Temperature

Measurement with a Sonic Anemometer

and its Application to Heat and Moisture

Fluxes”,

Boundary-Layer Meteorol.

, 26, 81-

93.

Wallace, J. M. and Hobbs, P. V.: 1977,

Atmospheric Science an Introductory

Survey

, Academic Press, Inc., New York.

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